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What is FSI/FAR and how is it regulated?
FSI (Floor Space Index) or FAR (Floor Area Ratio) is a critical urban planning metric that defines the maximum permissible built-up area on a plot, expressed as a ratio of the total floor area of a building to the area of the plot on which it stands.
FSI / FAR Formula
FSI = Total Built-up Floor Area of Building ÷ Area of the Plot
Example: A 1,000 sq mt plot with FSI of 2.5 allows a maximum of 2,500 sq mt of built-up floor area.
How FSI Is Regulated in India
- Development Control Regulations (DCR) : the primary legal instrument governing FSI
- Master Plans and Development Plans : define FSI zones across the city
- State Town Planning Acts : provide legislative authority for FSI rules
- RERA : ensures FSI used in a project matches the approved plan
FSI is the single most powerful number in urban real estate it determines how much can be built, what the land is worth, and how dense a neighbourhood will become. Understanding FSI regulations is non-negotiable for any developer, investor, or planner operating in Indian cities.
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What’s Driving Rental and Coliving Demand in India in 2025?
The size of rental market in India is estimated to be USD 13.9 Bn by 2025. Around 50% of this is attributed to the Gen-Z population, and 30% to the millennial population. Demographic profile of India’s work force, changing behaviour of gen-Z and millennials, rapid urbanisation, digital behaviour and capital allocators preference are the five key factors are driving this increased trend in rental real estate. Demographic profile of the work force Around 52% of the Indian population comprises of Gen-Z and Millennials. In 2023, millennials constituted 70% of the Indian work force have emerged as the backbone of many Indian companies. Indian technology sector workforce comprises of 86% to 90% of Gen-Z and Millennial work force. The innate behavioural traits, real estate requirement patterns, lifestyles and purchasing power are often intrinsic to their nature of real estate consumption patterns. Changing behaviour of gen-Z and millennials. Internet penetration has shaped the consumer across industries including real estate. 50% of Gen Zs and millennials say they live paycheck to paycheck with high cost of living is their top societal concern. Big life decisions like buying a house and starting a family are often postponed to later stage. Ability to maintain a positive work/life balance and not live their life on their own terms, and not necessarily to live up to societal expectations. This has shifted the consumption pattern of with increasing demand for rental real estate. The behavioural pattern of consumers of community and experiential living with a value that meets their pocket has given rise to the Co-Living segment. Rapid urbanisation Industrial growth, rise of services sector has shaped rapid urbanisation. In India, contribution component of urban growth is segmented into three categories according to a study by International Institute for Population Sciences. In India, it is estimated that more than 500 million individuals, i.e. approximately 35% of the population stays in urban areas. As the decade progresses, India will witness addition of 100 million urban dwellers, which will further rise to 60% by 2050. (Ref: Macrotrends, Urban Development Ministry, Govt. of India) It is estimated that 28% of the urban households stay in rental housing. This number shall be higher in mega cities. The demand for rental living, is 5.7 million units across top 30 cities (Tier I, II, II) in the country -comprising of working singles living on rent (migrants and domicile) and unmarried student population. This together adds up to 5.7 million across top 30 cities (Tier I, II and III) in the country. Digital behaviour of consumers: There is a remarkable increase in internet penetration, adoption and consumption across enterprises and consumers in India. 700 Mn internet users across the country, 470 Mn social media users and 350 Mn digital payment users. 80% of digital consumers in India prefer searching and discovering new products online before visiting physical stores or seeking offline. 69% of digital consumers prefer digital communications for customer support and interactions. Convenience, value and trust are key drivers across most internet platforms with Capital allocators preference for real estate supply The sector interest has increased after a funding winter for two straight years. Investments in the sector dropped from USD 148 million in 2021 to USD 21.7 million in 2022 and USD 6 million in 2023. With strong fundamental demand backed by urbanisation, consumer behaviour and digitisation, institutional investors and global funds favour co-living and data centres as an alternative asset class. The understanding of private equity funds is also well defined in international markets where co-living is a mature sector. Recently, Singapore’s CapitaLand Investment announced CLARA II: A $600 Million private equity fund for serviced apartments and co-living properties. Brookfield Asset Management, which has a real estate AUM of USD 690 billion globally is also looking to invest more in the coliving, rental housing and serviced apartment asset class.
PropTech Pulse Editorial
7th March 2024
Rental Market
Home Renting for Rookies: A First-Time Renter’s Guide to Flat Hunting in India
If you’re about to dive into the world of working full-time in a new city, first off, congrats! Now, let’s talk about the not-so-glamorous part—finding a place to call home that isn’t a PG. If you’re ready to move beyond the shared bed and curfew life and want to take on the glorious chaos of living independently, buckle up because this post is your ultimate survival guide. Step 1: Define Your Budget The first step in finding your ideal flat is setting your rent limit. This is non-negotiable. Rule of Thumb: Your rent should not exceed 20% of your monthly income. Stretching the Budget: In rare cases (like finding your dream flat), you might stretch it to 30%, but be cautious. Example: If your monthly income is ₹50,000, aim for a flat with rent around ₹10,000 to ₹15,000. This ensures you have enough left over for food, utilities, and fun without living paycheck to paycheck. Step 2: Research Like a Pro Start your research at least a month before you move to the city. The internet is your best friend here. Best Websites for Listings: Nestaway, Housing, NoBroker, MagicBricks, and 99acres. Check Trends: Look for price ranges in different neighbourhoods. Note down patterns—this will help when it’s time to negotiate. Pro Tip: Create a shortlist of 5-6 properties that meet your criteria to save time during house visits. Step 3: Choose Your Flatmate Wisely Flatmates can be the deciding factor between a comfortable living situation and a nightmare. Why Flatmates Matter: They help share costs, including rent and utilities. Things to Look For: Similar schedules, compatible habits (cleanliness, noise levels), and shared interests. Red Flag: If they seem unreliable during initial interactions, trust your gut and look for someone else. Remember, a good flatmate can make even an average flat feel like home. Step 4: Location, Location, Location Finding the perfect location is like striking gold. Your flat’s location impacts your commute, lifestyle, and even your expenses. Proximity to the Office: Aim for a commute under 30 minutes if possible. Nearby Amenities: Grocery stores, gyms, public transport. Safety: Check the neighbourhood's safety rating or ask locals. Pro Tip: Visit the area during different times of the day to get a feel for noise, traffic, and overall vibe. Step 5: The Art of Negotiation Renting isn’t just about picking a flat; it’s also about getting the best deal. How to Negotiate: Use your research to highlight average rents in the area and point out any flaws in the property (if any). Be Ready to Walk Away: If the landlord isn’t willing to budge, don’t feel pressured to agree. Pro Tip: Landlords are often more flexible towards the end of the month when they’re eager to fill vacancies. Step 6: Broker or No Broker? You’ll likely come across brokers during your search. They can be helpful but also come with costs. When to Use Brokers: If you’re short on time or struggling to find options on your own. How to Choose the Right Broker: Focus on those with multiple listings that match your preferences. Pro Tip: Negotiate the broker’s fee upfront. The standard is one month’s rent, but you can often negotiate it down to half. Step 7: Visit Flats with a Checklist When visiting flats, don’t just rely on the first impression. Use this checklist to evaluate each property: Condition of the Flat: Look for leaks, mould, or damage. Connectivity: Check mobile and Wi-Fi signals inside the flat. Appliances and Furniture: Confirm what’s included in the rent. Neighbours: Friendly or noisy? Pro Tip: Take photos during visits to compare later, especially if you’re seeing multiple flats in a day. Step 8: Seal the Deal Once you’ve found the perfect flat, it’s time to finalise the agreement. Read the Lease Agreement Thoroughly: Ensure it includes details like rent, deposit, notice period, and maintenance charges. Get Everything in Writing: Avoid verbal agreements to prevent future disputes. Pro Tip: Check if the flat requires any immediate repairs and ask the landlord to address these before you move in. Bonus Tips for First-Time Renters Prepare Your Documents: Landlords often ask for ID proof, employment details, and a security deposit. Have these ready to speed up the process. Beware of Scams: Avoid paying deposits without visiting the property in person. Plan Your Move: Arrange for packers and movers in advance if needed. Conclusion: Finding Your Home Sweet Home House hunting for the first time can be overwhelming, but with the right strategy, it becomes manageable—and even enjoyable! Remember, the goal isn’t perfection; it’s finding a place that balances your needs and feels like home. Good luck on your flat hunt, and welcome to the adventure of independent living!
PropTech Pulse Editorial
23rd December 2024
Rental Market
What is Residential Property? A Complete Guide to Types and Benefits
What is Residential Property? A residential property is where life happens; it is more than just a building; it is a home where people live, grow, and create lifelong memories. There’s nothing like coming home, right? But let’s get into something more exciting. Residential properties are more than emotions; they are powerful assets that can impact your financial future. Whether you’re a first-time buyer looking for stability, an investor chasing returns, or a homeowner thinking of upgrading, the opportunities and benefits of residential properties are endless. In fact, in the first nine months of 2024, India saw over 225,000 housing units sold, which indicates that this is a booming market. So why not benefit from these opportunities? To help you make better decisions, let’s explore the different types of residential properties, their features, and benefits in this article. What is Residential Property? Residential properties are built for living purposes primarily providing shelter, comfort, and a sense of security and belonging. Unlike commercial or industrial properties which are built for business or manufacturing activities. Did you know that India’s residential rental market is estimated to be worth more than USD 20 billion? The purpose of residential real estate varies according to your needs and investment options. Primary housing: A primary house will be your secure go-to place which you can call your home. It can be your apartment close to work or a spacious villa with your lifelong memories. Secondary housing: Secondary homes are your personal escape space free from your daily grind. It can be your vacation home or villa or a cozy cabin in the mountains. Investment: Here’s the exciting part, residential properties are more than a living space. Rent it out, and it starts paying you back with a steady income. Over the years, the value grows, quietly building wealth while you live your life. Unlike stocks that fluctuate, a home is real, solid, and secure, a place you can touch, feel, and count on. Whether it’s generating monthly income or appreciating, a home doesn’t just house you, it earns for you. Residential Property Market Trends in India The chart given below showcases the consistent growth in residential property launches and sales across India. It highlights a 6-11% growth in sales year-over-year for 2024, making residential properties a thriving investment opportunity. The premium and luxury housing segments have been significant contributors to this growth. In the first half of 2024, residential units priced above INR 10 million constituted 41% of total sales across eight major markets, marking a 51% year-over-year increase. Your Guide to Finding the Perfect Home or Investment If you are exploring residential property investments or simply looking for your next home, this blog can guide you. Let’s get into the interesting details now. Factors to Consider Location: Consider proximity to workplaces, schools, healthcare facilities, and lifestyle conveniences. A well-located property enhances value and investment potential. Budget: Be clear on expenses, including hidden costs like maintenance, taxes, and renovations. Lifestyle Needs: Decide between privacy, community living, or extra space to match your lifestyle. Investment Goals: Choose between rental income and long-term property appreciation. India’s Booming Residential Real Estate Market in 2024 Sales Growth: 70% of sales in metro cities (Mumbai, Delhi-NCR, Bengaluru) Premium Homes: Luxury homes priced above INR 2 crore contributed 16% of H1 sales Ownership Stats: 75% of sold properties were Freehold Price Growth: Premium market prices rose by 10% Terms of Ownership Freehold: Complete ownership of the property and land. Leasehold: Ownership for a fixed term, after which it reverts to the landowner. Explore Different Types of Residential Properties Apartments: Urban convenience with modern amenities and low maintenance. Villas: Luxurious standalone homes offering privacy and space. Residential Plots: Blank canvases to build your dream home. Bungalows: Spacious, single-story homes with ample privacy. Condominiums (Condos): Contemporary living with shared amenities and lower maintenance. Townhouses: Multi-story homes balancing affordability and personal space. Types of Residential Properties Property Type Description Pros Cons Apartment Self-contained units within larger buildings or complexes. Affordability, low maintenance, shared amenities. Limited space, potential noise issues. Villa Luxurious standalone properties with ample privacy. Spacious, high degree of privacy. Higher costs, niche market. Residential Plot Land for custom-built homes. Customization, lower initial cost. Time-consuming, zoning regulations. Bungalow Single-story homes with spacious designs. Privacy, cozy atmosphere. Smaller size, higher maintenance. Condominium Residential units with shared amenities. Lower cost, access to amenities. HOA fees, less privacy. Townhouse Multi-story homes with a balance of space and affordability. More space, community amenities. Shared walls, HOA fees. Mobile Home Prefabricated homes for travel lovers. Affordability, flexibility. Depreciation, land lease requirements. Each type of residential property caters to different lifestyles, budgets, and goals. Understanding these differences helps you find the perfect match for your personal or investment needs! Benefits of Residential Real Estate Residential real estate offers more than just a roof over your head; it’s a strategic investment that can enhance financial security, provide steady income, and deliver long-term wealth. Let’s explore the key benefits of residential property investments: Steady Income Residential properties, especially rental homes and apartments, can generate consistent cash flow. Rental income is a reliable source of passive earnings, often unaffected by short-term economic fluctuations. Diversification Investing in residential properties helps diversify your portfolio, reducing dependence on volatile markets. Real estate often behaves differently from stocks or bonds, offering stability during market downturns. Consider this as balancing your investment “diet”; real estate adds the fiber that keeps your financial health steady. Tax Benefits Governments worldwide offer attractive tax incentives for residential property investments. Tax deductions on mortgage interest, property taxes, and depreciation can significantly reduce your tax liability. In India, home loan borrowers can claim tax benefits under Sections 80C and 24(b), making it easier to manage repayments. Tangible Assets Unlike stocks or bonds, residential properties are physical, tangible assets. They provide a sense of security and can be leveraged as collateral for loans. A well-maintained property in a prime location serves as a home and can also be a fallback option in financial emergencies. Government Initiatives Many governments actively promote residential property investments to boost the housing market. Incentives like subsidies, affordable housing schemes, or reduced interest rates on loans make it easier to invest. For example, in India, the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) offers financial assistance for affordable housing, encouraging first-time buyers. Whether it’s steady income, tax savings, or capital appreciation, these benefits make residential real estate a smart and safe choice for investors and homeowners alike. Which is the Best Investing Option for You: Residential, Industrial, or Commercial Property? Choosing between residential vs. commercial and residential vs. industrial property investments depends on your financial goals, risk appetite, and long-term plans. Each type of property offers unique advantages and challenges that align with different investment strategies. Let’s break it down: Property Type Residential Industrial Commercial What is it? Properties designed for people to live in Properties used for manufacturing, production, or storage Properties used for business activities, such as retail, offices, or hospitality Examples Single-family homes, apartments, condos, townhouses Warehouses, factories, distribution centers Shopping malls, office buildings, hotels Investment Characteristics Steady rental income Higher rental yields compared to residential properties Potential for high rental income, but can be more volatile Management Easier to manage and more accessible to first-time investors Requires specialized knowledge and greater expertise in managing industrial tenants Can require specialized property management expertise Accessibility More accessible, with lower initial costs and broader market demand Significant capital is required to appeal to experienced investors Can have high barriers to entry due to high costs Appreciation Tangible appreciation in value over time, especially in urban areas Appreciates based on industrial growth, logistics demand, and infrastructure upgrades Appreciation potential varies depending on location and market conditions Risk Lower risk, with consistent demand and a diversified tenant base Higher risk due to dependency on economic cycles and business performance Moderate risk, with potential for both high returns and losses Pros Can be a stable long-term investment Supports economic growth and job creation Can offer diversification benefits Cons Requires property management and maintenance Can have environmental and regulatory challenges Can have high operating costs and vacancy risks By weighing the pros and cons of residential vs. commercial and residential vs. industrial properties, you can identify the option that aligns with your investment strategy and financial goals. Pro Tip If you’re looking for a stable, low-risk investment with broader market appeal, go residential. For higher returns with greater risks, industrial or commercial properties might be your choice. Like all sectors, tech has taken over real estate as well. It is making buying processes quick, staging processes personalized, and investing options smarter. How Technology is Shaping Residential Real Estate Technology has transformed the way we buy, sell, and live in residential properties. Here’s how it’s progressing: Internet of Things (IoT) devices automate lighting, security, and appliances, making homes more efficient and eco-friendly. Buyers can now tour properties remotely, saving time and effort. Platforms use AI to recommend properties based on preferences, budgets, and locations. Blockchain ensures secure and transparent property transactions, reducing fraud risks. Green building technologies focus on energy-efficient homes, helping reduce carbon footprints. In today’s fast-paced world, where technology drives smarter decisions, finding the right residential property is no exception. Whether you’re aiming to expand your investment portfolio or stepping into a homeownership journey, the right tools and insights can help you. One of the right tools here is Aurum PropTech’s tailor-made solutions. At Aurum PropTech, we simplify your real estate experience by merging technology with expertise. We provide intuitive property searches, data-backed insights, personalized tools, and solutions designed to make your residential property investment journey simpler, smarter, and more informed. Real estate is more than just an investment, and we respect this. It is about finding the perfect space that aligns with your goals and lifestyle. With Aurum PropTech, you’re not just navigating the market; you’re making empowered decisions every step of the way.
PropTech Pulse Editorial
21st February 2025
Investment Opportunities
What’s Driving Rental and Coliving Demand in India in 2025?
The size of rental market in India is estimated to be USD 13.9 Bn by 2025. Around 50% of this is attributed to the Gen-Z population, and 30% to the millennial population. Demographic profile of India’s work force, changing behaviour of gen-Z and millennials, rapid urbanisation, digital behaviour and capital allocators preference are the five key factors are driving this increased trend in rental real estate. Demographic profile of the work force Around 52% of the Indian population comprises of Gen-Z and Millennials. In 2023, millennials constituted 70% of the Indian work force have emerged as the backbone of many Indian companies. Indian technology sector workforce comprises of 86% to 90% of Gen-Z and Millennial work force. The innate behavioural traits, real estate requirement patterns, lifestyles and purchasing power are often intrinsic to their nature of real estate consumption patterns. Changing behaviour of gen-Z and millennials. Internet penetration has shaped the consumer across industries including real estate. 50% of Gen Zs and millennials say they live paycheck to paycheck with high cost of living is their top societal concern. Big life decisions like buying a house and starting a family are often postponed to later stage. Ability to maintain a positive work/life balance and not live their life on their own terms, and not necessarily to live up to societal expectations. This has shifted the consumption pattern of with increasing demand for rental real estate. The behavioural pattern of consumers of community and experiential living with a value that meets their pocket has given rise to the Co-Living segment. Rapid urbanisation Industrial growth, rise of services sector has shaped rapid urbanisation. In India, contribution component of urban growth is segmented into three categories according to a study by International Institute for Population Sciences. In India, it is estimated that more than 500 million individuals, i.e. approximately 35% of the population stays in urban areas. As the decade progresses, India will witness addition of 100 million urban dwellers, which will further rise to 60% by 2050. (Ref: Macrotrends, Urban Development Ministry, Govt. of India) It is estimated that 28% of the urban households stay in rental housing. This number shall be higher in mega cities. The demand for rental living, is 5.7 million units across top 30 cities (Tier I, II, II) in the country -comprising of working singles living on rent (migrants and domicile) and unmarried student population. This together adds up to 5.7 million across top 30 cities (Tier I, II and III) in the country. Digital behaviour of consumers: There is a remarkable increase in internet penetration, adoption and consumption across enterprises and consumers in India. 700 Mn internet users across the country, 470 Mn social media users and 350 Mn digital payment users. 80% of digital consumers in India prefer searching and discovering new products online before visiting physical stores or seeking offline. 69% of digital consumers prefer digital communications for customer support and interactions. Convenience, value and trust are key drivers across most internet platforms with Capital allocators preference for real estate supply The sector interest has increased after a funding winter for two straight years. Investments in the sector dropped from USD 148 million in 2021 to USD 21.7 million in 2022 and USD 6 million in 2023. With strong fundamental demand backed by urbanisation, consumer behaviour and digitisation, institutional investors and global funds favour co-living and data centres as an alternative asset class. The understanding of private equity funds is also well defined in international markets where co-living is a mature sector. Recently, Singapore’s CapitaLand Investment announced CLARA II: A $600 Million private equity fund for serviced apartments and co-living properties. Brookfield Asset Management, which has a real estate AUM of USD 690 billion globally is also looking to invest more in the coliving, rental housing and serviced apartment asset class.
PropTech Pulse Editorial
7th March 2024
Rental Market
Home Renting for Rookies: A First-Time Renter’s Guide to Flat Hunting in India
If you’re about to dive into the world of working full-time in a new city, first off, congrats! Now, let’s talk about the not-so-glamorous part—finding a place to call home that isn’t a PG. If you’re ready to move beyond the shared bed and curfew life and want to take on the glorious chaos of living independently, buckle up because this post is your ultimate survival guide. Step 1: Define Your Budget The first step in finding your ideal flat is setting your rent limit. This is non-negotiable. Rule of Thumb: Your rent should not exceed 20% of your monthly income. Stretching the Budget: In rare cases (like finding your dream flat), you might stretch it to 30%, but be cautious. Example: If your monthly income is ₹50,000, aim for a flat with rent around ₹10,000 to ₹15,000. This ensures you have enough left over for food, utilities, and fun without living paycheck to paycheck. Step 2: Research Like a Pro Start your research at least a month before you move to the city. The internet is your best friend here. Best Websites for Listings: Nestaway, Housing, NoBroker, MagicBricks, and 99acres. Check Trends: Look for price ranges in different neighbourhoods. Note down patterns—this will help when it’s time to negotiate. Pro Tip: Create a shortlist of 5-6 properties that meet your criteria to save time during house visits. Step 3: Choose Your Flatmate Wisely Flatmates can be the deciding factor between a comfortable living situation and a nightmare. Why Flatmates Matter: They help share costs, including rent and utilities. Things to Look For: Similar schedules, compatible habits (cleanliness, noise levels), and shared interests. Red Flag: If they seem unreliable during initial interactions, trust your gut and look for someone else. Remember, a good flatmate can make even an average flat feel like home. Step 4: Location, Location, Location Finding the perfect location is like striking gold. Your flat’s location impacts your commute, lifestyle, and even your expenses. Proximity to the Office: Aim for a commute under 30 minutes if possible. Nearby Amenities: Grocery stores, gyms, public transport. Safety: Check the neighbourhood's safety rating or ask locals. Pro Tip: Visit the area during different times of the day to get a feel for noise, traffic, and overall vibe. Step 5: The Art of Negotiation Renting isn’t just about picking a flat; it’s also about getting the best deal. How to Negotiate: Use your research to highlight average rents in the area and point out any flaws in the property (if any). Be Ready to Walk Away: If the landlord isn’t willing to budge, don’t feel pressured to agree. Pro Tip: Landlords are often more flexible towards the end of the month when they’re eager to fill vacancies. Step 6: Broker or No Broker? You’ll likely come across brokers during your search. They can be helpful but also come with costs. When to Use Brokers: If you’re short on time or struggling to find options on your own. How to Choose the Right Broker: Focus on those with multiple listings that match your preferences. Pro Tip: Negotiate the broker’s fee upfront. The standard is one month’s rent, but you can often negotiate it down to half. Step 7: Visit Flats with a Checklist When visiting flats, don’t just rely on the first impression. Use this checklist to evaluate each property: Condition of the Flat: Look for leaks, mould, or damage. Connectivity: Check mobile and Wi-Fi signals inside the flat. Appliances and Furniture: Confirm what’s included in the rent. Neighbours: Friendly or noisy? Pro Tip: Take photos during visits to compare later, especially if you’re seeing multiple flats in a day. Step 8: Seal the Deal Once you’ve found the perfect flat, it’s time to finalise the agreement. Read the Lease Agreement Thoroughly: Ensure it includes details like rent, deposit, notice period, and maintenance charges. Get Everything in Writing: Avoid verbal agreements to prevent future disputes. Pro Tip: Check if the flat requires any immediate repairs and ask the landlord to address these before you move in. Bonus Tips for First-Time Renters Prepare Your Documents: Landlords often ask for ID proof, employment details, and a security deposit. Have these ready to speed up the process. Beware of Scams: Avoid paying deposits without visiting the property in person. Plan Your Move: Arrange for packers and movers in advance if needed. Conclusion: Finding Your Home Sweet Home House hunting for the first time can be overwhelming, but with the right strategy, it becomes manageable—and even enjoyable! Remember, the goal isn’t perfection; it’s finding a place that balances your needs and feels like home. Good luck on your flat hunt, and welcome to the adventure of independent living!
PropTech Pulse Editorial
23rd December 2024
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